• Celebrating 150 Years of the Faculty of Actuaries in Scotland

Catalogue; Bibliography; Special Books Collection

• History of Actuarial Science
• Homepage Ined
• P.M. Lee - The History of Statistics; a select Bibliography
• The Special Books Collection, Staple Inn Hall
• O. Sheynin - References Probability Theory
• International Biography of Reinsurance, 1979/80
• Wikipedia Actuarial Science
• Judaism and Actuarial Science
• The creation of actuarial science

Books

• about'The American Term Life Insurance History Project'
• Dennett, Laurie. Mind over Data - an actuarial history, Institute of Actuaries, 2004.
• Lewin, C.G. Pensions and Insurance before 1800 - a social history, Tuckwell Press, 2003.
• Lewin, Christopher and de Valois, Margaret. 'History of Actuarial Tables', in The History of Mathematical Tables from Sumer to Spreadsheets, pages 78-103, edited by Martin Campbell-Kelly and others, Oxford University Press, 2003.

Articles

• History of Time
• P.L. Bernstein - Against the Gods; the remarkable story of risk
• L.J. Daston - The domestication of risk: mathematical probability and insurance 1650-1830
• De Witt's Treatise on Life Annuities
• Barnwell - A sketch of the life and times of John de Witt, grandpensionary of Holland, to which is added his treatise on life annuities
• Christiaan Huygens - Oeuvres Complètes
• Christiaan Huygens - Van Rekeningh in Spelen en Geluck; Facts and figures
• Halley - An estimate of the degrees of the mortality of mankind, 1693
• Halley - Ditto article, edited by Matthias Böhne, 2002
• Christiaan Huygens en Lodewijk Huygens - Briefwisseling 22 augustus 1669 - 28 november 1669
• N. Bernouilli - De usu artis conjectandi in iure (English translation)
• C. Morris - An Essay ... Insure the Ships of her Enemies? 1747
• J. Dodson - First lecture on insurance, 1756
• T.W.A.M. - A letter to the Rev. Dr. William Brakenbridge ..False Conclusions Drawn from Dr Halley's Breslau Table ...., 1761
• English translation of E. Duvillard's "Les Recherches sur les Rentes et le Taux Interne de Rentabilité" (1787)
• P.S. Laplace - On Probability and Statistics
• P.S. Laplace - Théorie analytique des probabilités (1812); Library Gallica, search for Laplace
• R. Lobatto - Beschouwingen levensverzekeringen, 1830
• Carl Friedrich Gauss
• Leonhard Euler on Probability and Statistics
• A. Zillmer - Contributions to the Theory of Life Insurance Premium Reserves, 1863
• H. Westergaard - Die Lehre von der Mortalität und Morbilität, H2, 1901
• H. Westergaard - Die Lehre von der Mortalität und Morbilität, H7, 1901
• E.W. Kopf - The early history of the annuity, 1917
• J.P. Van Rooijen - De Witt's Waerdye Van Lyfrenten, in Modern Nederlandsch Overgebracht en Toegelicht,1934
• M. Greenwood - The First Life Table, 1938
• C. Campagne, A.J. van der Loo, L. Yntema - Bedrijfsreserve; Stabilization reserve, 1948
• International Actuarial Notation, 1949
• M.E. Ogborn - The Theory of Simple and Compound Interest an eighteenth-century Manuscript, 1949
• D.V. Glass - Graunt's life table, 1950
• F.M. Redington - Review of the principles of life-office valuations, 1952
• M.E. Ogborn - The professional name of Actuary, 1956
• C.F. Wood - Correspondence, 1956
• M.E.O. - Some Family Connections of William Morgan, F.R.S (1750-1830), 1957*****
• H.P. Ammeter, P. Depoid, B. de Finetti - L'étude mathématique des assurances non viagères dans l'Europe continentale occidentale, 1957
• M.G. Kendall - Studies in the History of Probability and Statistics. Where Shall the History of Statistics begin? 1960
• P.R. Cox, R.H. Storr-Best - Surplus: Two hundred years of actuarial advance, 1962-1964
• D.F. Renn - John Graunt, Citizen of London, 1962
• H. Cramèr - Actuaries and Actuarial Science, 1963
• B. Benjamin - Tercentenary of Johnm Graunt's 'Natural and Political Observations' The Royal Society Meetings, 1963
• F.A.A. Menzler - Actuaries and International Statistics, 1963
• B. Benjamin - John Graunt's 'Observations', 1964
• P.F. Hooker - Benjamin Gompertz, 5 March 1779 - 14 July 1865, 1965
• A. Hald - A history of mathematical statistics from 1750 to 1930, contents
• C.G. Lewin - An early book on compound interest Richard Witt's Arithmetical questions, 1970
• J.B. Dow - Early actuarial work in Eighteenth-century Scotland, 1971-1973
• Catalogue of an exhibition illustrating the history of actuarial science in the United Kingdom, 1973
• P. Johansen - Early models describing fire insurance risk, 1979
• R.H. Daw - Smallpox and the double decrement table a piece of actuarial pre-history, 1979
• R.H. Daw - Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728 - 1777), 1980
• H.L. Seal - Early uses of Graunt's life table, 1980
• C.G. Lewin - Compound interest in the Seventeenth Century, 1981
• F.M. Redington - The phase of transition - an historical essay, 1982
• P. Johansen - ASTIN memoires, 1982
• H. Bühlmann - The future of ASTIN, 1982
• G. Heywood - Edmond Halley: astronomer and actuary, 1985
• P.N. Ben-Zvi - Yesterday, today and tomorrow, 1986
• P. Kreager - New light on Graunt, 1988
• D.R. Weir - Tontines, Public Finance, and Revolution in France and England, 1688-1789, 1989
• C.J. Nesbitt - Personal reflections on Actuarial Science in North America from 1900, 1990
• R.B. Akhurst, C. Dip - Some Thoughts on the Actuary of the Future, 1992
• H. Bühlmann - The Actuary, 1992
• J. Yates - From Tabulators to Early Computers in the U.S. Life Insurance Industry: Co-evolution and Continuities, 1993
• D.J. Bogue - How Demography was Born, 1993
• E.M. Crimmins - Demography: The Past 30 Years, the Present, and the Future, 1993
• N. Keyfitz - Thirty years of Demography and Demography, 1993
• S. Haberman and T. A. Sibbett (ed.) - Contents of "History of Actuarial Science", 1995
• J. Yates - Early Interactions between the Life Insurance and Computer Industries: The Prudential's Edmund Berkeley and The Society of Actuaries Committee, 1946-1952, 1996
• S. Haberman - Landmarks in the History of Actuarial Science (up to 1919), 1996
• S.J. Olshansky, B.C. Carnes - Ever since Gompertz, 1977
• H. Bühlmann - The actuary: the role and the limitations of the profession since the mid-19th century, 1997
• D. Hatvany - The Royal Society for the relief of indigent gentlewoman of Scotland, A History 1847-1997, 1997
• Presidential Addresses
• J.C. Hickman, L. Heacox - Actuaries in History - The Wartime Birth of Operations Research, 1998
• J.C. Hickman, L. Heacox - Actuaries at the dawn of the computer age, 1999
• J.C. Hickman, L. Heacox - Credibility theory: The Cornerstone of Actuarial Science, 1999
• D.C. Doll - A Brief History of Universal Life, 1999
• J.C. Caldwell - Demography: Scope, Perspectives and Theory, 2000
• H.A. de Gans and F. van Poppel - Contributions from the margins. Dutch statisticians, actuaries and medical doctors and the methods of demography in the time of Wilhelm Lexis, 2000
• G. Poitras - Downloadable Table of Contents of "The Early History of Financial Economics: 1478-1776" (Elgar 2000)
• D.C.M. Dickson - Modern Landmarks in Actuarial Science - Inaugural Professorial Address, 2001
• C. Klüppelberg - Developments in Insurance Mathematics; Dedicated to Hans Bühlmann on the occasion of his seventieth anniversary, 2001
• C. Lewin - The Creation of Actuarial Science, 2001
• P.M.M. Klephttp://openlibrary.org/b/OL3750559M/statistical_mind_in_a_pre-statistical_erahttp://openlibrary.org/b/OL3750559M/statistical_mind_in_a_pre-statistical_era and I.H.. Stamhuis (eds) - The Statistical Mind in a Pre-Statistical Era: the Netherlands 1750-1850, 2002
• The Statistical Mind in Modern Society The Netherlands 1850-1940
• S. Whelan - Actuaries' Contributions to Financial Economics, 2002
• S.F. Whelan, D.C. Bowie, A.J. Hibbert - A primer in financial economics, 2002
• E. Pitacco - Survival models in a dynamic context: a survey
• Contributions to the theory of Life Insurance Premium Reserves, 2003
• I. Iqbal - The Greates British Actuary Ever, 2003
• M. Lengwiler - Technologies of trust: actuarial theory, insurance sciences, and the establishment of the welfare state in Germany and Switzerland around 1900, 2003*****
• J. Hickman - History of the actuarial profession, 2004
• P. Hebrard - La détresse des Pays-Bas: De Witt, Hudde et les rente viagerès d'Amsterdam (1671-1673), 2004
• B.M. Weon - Introduction to new demographic model for humans, 2004
• R. Norberg - Survey of actuarial Credibility theory, 2004
• P.-C. Pradier - Value-at-Risk since 1784; a comprehensive history, 2005
• R.B. Emmett - Surfing the Past: The Role of the Internet in the Future of the History of Economics, 2002
• M. Dalbello - Hististorian as User of the Internet Archive: Historical Record on the Web, from "Way-back" in 1996
• O. Sheynin - Translation into English of Jakob Bernouilli - On the Law of Large Numbers, 2005
• Library at Staple Inn: Special collections Staple Inn
• References on histories of the UK Actuarial Profession
• Actuarial history
• Historical research on Equitable Life (ELAS) archive
• G.B. Hill - Comments on the paper "On prognosis by William Farr: a forgotten masterpiece, 2003
• B.B. Gerstman - Comments regarding On prognosis by William Farr (1838) with reconstruction of his longitudinal analysis of smallpox recovery and death rates, 2003
• M.R. Hardy - We are all "actuaries of the Third Kind"http://www.soa.org/library/journals/ north-american-actuarial-journal/2005/april/naaj0502-9.pdf Now (editorial), 2005

• Girolamo Cardano (1501 - 1576)
• Simon Stevin (1548 - 1620)
• Henry Briggs (1561 - 1630)
• Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630)
• Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)
• René Descartes (1596-1650)
• Pierre de Fermat (1601 - 1665)
• Frans van Schooten (1615 - 1660)
• Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662)
• Johan de Witt (1625 - 1672)
• Johann van Waveren Hudde (1628 - 1704)
• Christiaan Huygens (1629 - 1695)
• Sir Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727)
• Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646 - 1716)
• Jacob (Jacques) Bernoulli (1654 - 1705)
• Edmond Halley (1656 - 1742)
• Nicolaus (I) Bernoulli (1687 - 1759)
• Abraham de Moivre (1667 - 1754)
• Daniel Bernoulli (1700 - 1782)
• Thomas Bayes (1702 - 1761)
• Leonhard Euler (1707 - 1783)
• Thomas Simpson (1710 - 1761)
• Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728 - 1777)
• Johannes Nikolaus Tetens (1736 - 1807)
• Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749 - 1827)
• Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777 - 1855)
• Benjamin Gompertz (1779 - 1865)
• Siméon Denis Poisson (1781 - 1840)
• Charles Babbage (1791 - 1871)
• Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet (1796 - 1874)
• Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821 - 1894)
• Wilhelm Lexis (1837 - 1914)
• Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (1838 - 1910)
• Jorgen Pedersen Gram (1850 - 1916)
• Andrei Andreyevich Markov (1856 - 1922)
• Karl Pearson (1857 - 1936)
• Ladislaus Josephowitsch Bortkiewicz (1868 - 1931)
• Felix Hausdorff (1868 - 1942)
• Louis Bachelier (1870 - 1946)
• Francesco Paolo Cantelli (1875 - 1966)
• Carlo Emilio Bonferroni (1892 - 1960)
• Carl Harald Cramér (1893 - 1985)
• David van Dantzig (1900 -1959)
• Maurice George Kendall (1907 - 1983)

• Biography Graunt, Halley and Petty
• William Petty (1623 – 1687)
• William Petty (1623 - 1687)
• Johann van Waveren Hudde (1628 - 1704)
• René Descartes (1596 - 1650)
• Jakob Bernouilli (1654 - 1705)
• Nikolaus Bernoulli (1687 - 1759)
• Leonhard Euler (1707 - 1783)
• Augustus De Morgan (1806-1871)
• Abraham de Moivre (1667 - 1754)
• Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821 - 1894)
• August Zillmer (1831 - 1893)
• Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (1838-1910)
• Amédée Bégault (1859 - 1949)
• Erling Sverdrup (1917-1994)
• Karl H. Borch (1919-1986)
• Cecile J. Nesbitt (1912-2001)
• James C. Hickman (1927-2006)

• Life and Work of Statisticians, alphabetical list
  Bayes, Thomas, 1702-1761
  Bernoulli, Nicholas I, 1687-1759
  Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus von, 1868-1931
  Cardano, Girolano, 1501-1576
  ETC.

Chronology

• Mathematics
• Probabilists and Statisticians
• O. Sheynin - Theory of Probability, a Historical Essay, 2005
• O. Sheynin - History of the Theory of Probability up to the Beginning of the 20th Century
• Figures from the History of Probability and Statistics
• Interpolation

Presentations

• Alan M. Polansky - A Short History of Probability
• N. Cristianini - Introduction to Probability Theory
• S. Whelan - 102 years of Financial Economics
• P. Embrechts, P. Blum, J. Neslehova - Developments in Actuarial Science, 2005
• J-S. Lenfant, P-C. Pradier - Financial and real decisions: history and method, 2005******
• A. Macdonald - Genetics and Insurance: An Actuary's view
• I. Hertz-Picciotto - Environmental Health Tracking: perspectives and needs

History Actuarial Societies

• History of Actuarial Profession
• E.J. Moorhead - Historical Background, 1938
• History of the Institute of Actuaries of Australia
• The History of the Actuarial Profession in Australia
• History of the Canadian Institute of Actuaries
• A Fuller History of The Society of Actuaries in Ireland
• L.M. Rubinow - Origin of the Casualty Actuarial Society
• History of the Actuarial Society of South Africa

Historical Archive

• The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive

Earliest Known Uses of Words

• Mathematics
• Probability and Statistics

Other sites

• International Actuarial Links